Vikhory Bagus Wahyu Nugroho

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60294, Indonesia 

Aussie Amalia

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60294, Indonesia 

Rizka Novembrianto

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60294, Indonesia 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/jobc.v5i2.6401 

ABSTRACT 

Organic waste management has become a significant issue, particularly with the increasing amount of waste generated from agricultural, livestock, and household activities. One of the most widely applied technologies is the biodigester, which utilizes anaerobic digestion to decompose organic matter into compost and biogas. However, conventional biodigesters often face limitations in methane production efficiency, which is strongly influenced by substrate quality and microbial diversity. Rumen substrate from cows contains cellulolytic and methanogenic microbial communities that play a key role in accelerating the degradation of complex organic matter and enhancing methane production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying rumen substrate amounts on the performance of biodigesters. Three treatments were applied: no rumen addition, addition of 1 Kg, and addition of 2 Kg. Parameters observed included C/N ratio, pH stability, and methane gas percentage during a 35-day anaerobic fermentation period. The results showed that the biodigester with 1 Kg of rumen achieved a C/N ratio of 21.23, which falls within the optimal range of 20–30. Meanwhile, the biodigester with 2 Kg of rumen produced the highest methane percentage, reaching 0.0185% v/v on day 14, although production gradually declined thereafter. Overall, the addition of rumen was proven to improve the C/N ratio, stabilize pH, and enrich microbial communities, thereby enhancing methane production efficiency. These findings suggest that rumen substrate can be considered a potential co-substrate to enhance biodigester performance and facilitate sustainable organic waste management.

Keywords: : anaerobic process, methane gas, pH, C/N ratio, cow rumen

REFERENCES

[1]    Suci Prihatiningtyas, F., Fatikhatun Nikmatus Sholihah, & Meriana Wahyu Nugroho. (2019). Biodigester untuk Biogas. Universitas KH. Wahab Hasbullah.

[2]    Apriandi, N. (2021). Analisa biodigester polyethilene skala rumah tangga dengan memanfaatkan limbah organik sebagai sumber penghasil.

[3]    Weimer, P. J. (2022). Degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose by ruminal microorganisms. Microorganisms. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122345

[4]    Duarte, A. C., Holman, D. B., Alexander, T. W., Kiri, K., Breves, G., & Chaves, A. V. (2017). Incubation temperature, but not pequi oil supplementation, affects methane production, and the ruminal microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) system. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1076.

[5]    Z. N. Mohammad, F., Farha, A. O. M., Abuassba, S., Yang, S., & Zhou, F. (2021). Access control and authorization in smart homes: A survey. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 26(6), 906–917. https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2021.9010001  

[6]    Novantri, S. O., & Oktiawati, U. Y. (2022). Rancang bangun monitoring kadar gas metana pada pengolahan sampah organik berbasis IoT menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32. Jurnal Listrik, Instrumentasi, Dan Elektronika Terapan, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.22146/juliet.v3i2.74791

[7]    Cylon, F., Marlissa, M., Ketut Suarjana, G., Nengah, I., & Besung, K. (2020). Jumlah fungi pada cairan rumen sapi Bali. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 9(3), 2477–6637.

[8]    Nleya, Y., Young, B., Nooraee, E., & Baroutian, S. (2025). Anaerobic digestion of dairy cow and goat manure: Comparative assessment of biodegradability and greenhouse gas mitigation. Fuel, 381, 133458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133458 biogas. Orbith, 17(1), 23–29.

[9]    Kunatsa, T., & Xia, X. (2021). A review on anaerobic digestion with focus on the role of biomass co-digestion, modelling and optimization on biogas production and enhancement. Bioresource Technology, 344, 126311.

[10]  Qiu Y, Li L, Sun Y, Chen G, Chen H. Effect of extreme pH conditions on methanogenesis: Methanogen metabolism and community structure. Sci Total Environ. 2023;877:162702. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162702

[11]  Mekonnen, A.M., Sendekie, Z.B., ... Bezie, Y., 2025. Optimizing Rumen Fluid Inoculation for Enhanced Biogas Production Using Organic Waste Codigestion. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2025. doi:10.1155/ijce/2463014 

[12]  Das, A., Das, S., Das, N., et al. (2023). Advancements and innovations in harnessing microbial processes for enhanced biogas production from waste materials. Agriculture, 13(9), 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091689

[13]  Abanades, S., Abbaspour, H., Ahmadi, A., Das, B., Ehyaei, M., Esmaeilion, F., El Haj Assad, M., Hajilounezhad, T., Jamali, D., & Hmida, A. (2021). A critical review of biogas production and usage with legislations framework across the globe. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 3377–3400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03067-5

[14]  Ahmad, R. M., Javied, S., Aslam, A., Alamri, S., Zaman, Q. U., Hassan, A., & Noor, N. (2024). Optimizing biogas production and digestive stability through waste co-digestion. Sustainability, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16073045